Under what two circumstances should a handler avoid muzzling a K-9 during first aid?

Muzzling a K-9 during first aid should be avoided in situations where the dog could be in significant pain or discomfort, such as in the case of an injury to the mouth. If a dog is injured in this area, applying a muzzle may prevent it from being able to react or express itself appropriately, which could lead to further stress or complications. Additionally, heat stress is another crucial factor to consider. A K-9 that is experiencing heat stress is already in a vulnerable state, and a muzzle can restrict its ability to pant, which is essential for cooling down.

Both of these factors highlight the importance of ensuring the dog’s well-being and allowing it to communicate and respond appropriately during a medical emergency. In situations of injury—especially around sensitive areas like the mouth—it's essential to prioritize the dog's comfort and ability to handle distress. Heat stress compounds this need, as any restriction of airflow or panting can exacerbate the dog’s condition.